51单片机与MFRC522射频

2019-11-02

简介

本项目将使用51单片机对射频模块进行读写操作。 ~~(前期先实现读卡操作，后续补充写卡操作)~~
硬件环境：
AT89S52单片机、MFRC522射频模块、ARM9单片机、Mifare one卡、若干杜邦线
软件环境：
Windows环境 Keil C51 v802
Windows CE
串口调试助手

原理图

程序代码

MFRC522头文件

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//函数原型
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
char PcdReset(void);
void PcdAntennaOn(void);
void PcdAntennaOff(void);
char PcdRequest(unsigned char req_code,unsigned char *pTagType);
char PcdAnticoll(unsigned char *pSnr);
char PcdSelect(unsigned char *pSnr);
char PcdAuthState(unsigned char auth_mode,unsigned char addr,unsigned char *pKey,unsigned char *pSnr);
char PcdRead(unsigned char addr,unsigned char *pData);
char PcdWrite(unsigned char addr,unsigned char *pData);
char PcdValue(unsigned char dd_mode,unsigned char addr,unsigned char *pValue);
char PcdBakValue(unsigned char sourceaddr, unsigned char goaladdr);
char PcdHalt(void);
char PcdComMF522(unsigned char Command,
                 unsigned char *pInData,
                 unsigned char InLenByte,
                 unsigned char *pOutData,
                 unsigned int  *pOutLenBit);
void CalulateCRC(unsigned char *pIndata,unsigned char len,unsigned char *pOutData);
void WriteRawRC(unsigned char Address,unsigned char value);
unsigned char ReadRawRC(unsigned char Address);
void SetBitMask(unsigned char reg,unsigned char mask);
void ClearBitMask(unsigned char reg,unsigned char mask);


/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//MF522命令字
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#define PCD_IDLE              0x00               //取消当前命令
#define PCD_AUTHENT           0x0E               //验证密钥
#define PCD_RECEIVE           0x08               //接收数据
#define PCD_TRANSMIT          0x04               //发送数据
#define PCD_TRANSCEIVE        0x0C               //发送并接收数据
#define PCD_RESETPHASE        0x0F               //复位
#define PCD_CALCCRC           0x03               //CRC计算

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//Mifare_One卡片命令字
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#define PICC_REQIDL           0x26               //寻天线区内未进入休眠状态
#define PICC_REQALL           0x52               //寻天线区内全部卡
#define PICC_ANTICOLL1        0x93               //防冲撞
#define PICC_ANTICOLL2        0x95               //防冲撞
#define PICC_AUTHENT1A        0x60               //验证A密钥
#define PICC_AUTHENT1B        0x61               //验证B密钥
#define PICC_READ             0x30               //读块
#define PICC_WRITE            0xA0               //写块
#define PICC_DECREMENT        0xC0               //扣款
#define PICC_INCREMENT        0xC1               //充值
#define PICC_RESTORE          0xC2               //调块数据到缓冲区
#define PICC_TRANSFER         0xB0               //保存缓冲区中数据
#define PICC_HALT             0x50               //休眠

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//MF522 FIFO长度定义
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#define DEF_FIFO_LENGTH       64                 //FIFO size=64byte

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//MF522寄存器定义
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// PAGE 0
#define     RFU00                 0x00
#define     CommandReg            0x01
#define     ComIEnReg             0x02
#define     DivlEnReg             0x03
#define     ComIrqReg             0x04
#define     DivIrqReg             0x05
#define     ErrorReg              0x06
#define     Status1Reg            0x07
#define     Status2Reg            0x08
#define     FIFODataReg           0x09
#define     FIFOLevelReg          0x0A
#define     WaterLevelReg         0x0B
#define     ControlReg            0x0C
#define     BitFramingReg         0x0D
#define     CollReg               0x0E
#define     RFU0F                 0x0F
// PAGE 1
#define     RFU10                 0x10
#define     ModeReg               0x11
#define     TxModeReg             0x12
#define     RxModeReg             0x13
#define     TxControlReg          0x14
#define     TxAutoReg             0x15
#define     TxSelReg              0x16
#define     RxSelReg              0x17
#define     RxThresholdReg        0x18
#define     DemodReg              0x19
#define     RFU1A                 0x1A
#define     RFU1B                 0x1B
#define     MifareReg             0x1C
#define     RFU1D                 0x1D
#define     RFU1E                 0x1E
#define     SerialSpeedReg        0x1F
// PAGE 2
#define     RFU20                 0x20
#define     CRCResultRegM         0x21
#define     CRCResultRegL         0x22
#define     RFU23                 0x23
#define     ModWidthReg           0x24
#define     RFU25                 0x25
#define     RFCfgReg              0x26
#define     GsNReg                0x27
#define     CWGsCfgReg            0x28
#define     ModGsCfgReg           0x29
#define     TModeReg              0x2A
#define     TPrescalerReg         0x2B
#define     TReloadRegH           0x2C
#define     TReloadRegL           0x2D
#define     TCounterValueRegH     0x2E
#define     TCounterValueRegL     0x2F
// PAGE 3
#define     RFU30                 0x30
#define     TestSel1Reg           0x31
#define     TestSel2Reg           0x32
#define     TestPinEnReg          0x33
#define     TestPinValueReg       0x34
#define     TestBusReg            0x35
#define     AutoTestReg           0x36
#define     VersionReg            0x37
#define     AnalogTestReg         0x38
#define     TestDAC1Reg           0x39
#define     TestDAC2Reg           0x3A
#define     TestADCReg            0x3B
#define     RFU3C                 0x3C
#define     RFU3D                 0x3D
#define     RFU3E                 0x3E
#define     RFU3F                 0x3F

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//和MF522通讯时返回的错误代码
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#define MI_OK                          0
#define MI_NOTAGERR                    (-1)
#define MI_ERR                         (-2)

rc522.c

#include <reg52.h>
#include <intrins.h> //包含函数_nop_()
#include "main.h"
#include "mfrc522.h"

#define MAXRLEN 18	//寻卡中buff的最大长度

/*延时函数2*/
//void delay2(unsigned int i)
//{
//	unsigned int j;
//	while(i--){
//		for(j=0;j<152;j++){	   //延时1ms基准
//		
//		}
//	}	
//}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//功    能：复位RC522
//返    回: 成功返回MI_OK
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
char PcdReset(void)
{
    MF522_RST=1;
    _nop_();
    MF522_RST=0;
    _nop_();
    MF522_RST=1;
     _nop_();
    WriteRawRC(CommandReg,PCD_RESETPHASE);
    _nop_();
    
    WriteRawRC(ModeReg,0x3D);            //和Mifare卡通讯，CRC初始值0x6363
    WriteRawRC(TReloadRegL,30);           
    WriteRawRC(TReloadRegH,0);
    WriteRawRC(TModeReg,0x8D);
    WriteRawRC(TPrescalerReg,0x3E);
    WriteRawRC(TxAutoReg,0x40);     
    return MI_OK;
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//开启天线  
//每次启动或关闭天险发射之间应至少有1ms的间隔
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void PcdAntennaOn()
{
    unsigned char i;
    i = ReadRawRC(TxControlReg);
    if (!(i & 0x03))
    {
        SetBitMask(TxControlReg, 0x03);
    }
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//关闭天线
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void PcdAntennaOff()
{
    ClearBitMask(TxControlReg, 0x03);
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//功    能：寻卡
//参数说明: req_code[IN]:寻卡方式
//                0x52 = 寻感应区内所有符合14443A标准的卡
//                0x26 = 寻未进入休眠状态的卡
//          pTagType[OUT]：卡片类型代码
//                0x4400 = Mifare_UltraLight
//                0x0400 = Mifare_One(S50)
//                0x0200 = Mifare_One(S70)
//                0x0800 = Mifare_Pro(X)
//                0x4403 = Mifare_DESFire
//返    回: 成功返回MI_OK
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
char PcdRequest(unsigned char req_code,unsigned char *pTagType)
{
   char status;  
   unsigned int  unLen;
   unsigned char ucComMF522Buf[MAXRLEN];

   ClearBitMask(Status2Reg,0x08);
   WriteRawRC(BitFramingReg,0x07);
   SetBitMask(TxControlReg,0x03);

   ucComMF522Buf[0] = req_code;

   status = PcdComMF522(PCD_TRANSCEIVE,ucComMF522Buf,1,ucComMF522Buf,&unLen);
   
   if ((status == MI_OK) && (unLen == 0x10))
   {	
       *pTagType     = ucComMF522Buf[0];
	   Send_Char(ucComMF522Buf[0]);//增加的串口发送字符
       *(pTagType+1) = ucComMF522Buf[1];
	   Send_Char(ucComMF522Buf[1]);//增加的串口发送字符
   }
   else
   {   
   		status = MI_ERR;  		 
	}

   return status;
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//功    能：防冲撞
//参数说明: pSnr[OUT]:卡片序列号，4字节
//返    回: 成功返回MI_OK
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////  
char PcdAnticoll(unsigned char *pSnr)
{
    char status;
    unsigned char i,snr_check=0;
    unsigned int  unLen;
    unsigned char ucComMF522Buf[MAXRLEN]; 


    ClearBitMask(Status2Reg,0x08);
    WriteRawRC(BitFramingReg,0x00);
    ClearBitMask(CollReg,0x80);

    ucComMF522Buf[0] = PICC_ANTICOLL1;
    ucComMF522Buf[1] = 0x20;

    status = PcdComMF522(PCD_TRANSCEIVE,ucComMF522Buf,2,ucComMF522Buf,&unLen);

    if (status == MI_OK)
    {
    	 for (i=0; i<4; i++)
         {   
             *(pSnr+i)  = ucComMF522Buf[i];
			 Send_Char(ucComMF522Buf[i]);//增加的串口发送字符
             snr_check ^= ucComMF522Buf[i];
         }
         if (snr_check != ucComMF522Buf[i])
         {   status = MI_ERR;    }
    }

    SetBitMask(CollReg,0x80);
    return status;
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//功    能：选定卡片
//参数说明: pSnr[IN]:卡片序列号，4字节
//返    回: 成功返回MI_OK
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
char PcdSelect(unsigned char *pSnr)
{
    char status;
    unsigned char i;
    unsigned int  unLen;
    unsigned char ucComMF522Buf[MAXRLEN]; 

    ucComMF522Buf[0] = PICC_ANTICOLL1;
    ucComMF522Buf[1] = 0x70;
    ucComMF522Buf[6] = 0;
    for (i=0; i<4; i++)
    {
    	ucComMF522Buf[i+2] = *(pSnr+i);
    	ucComMF522Buf[6]  ^= *(pSnr+i);
    }
    CalulateCRC(ucComMF522Buf,7,&ucComMF522Buf[7]);

    ClearBitMask(Status2Reg,0x08);

    status = PcdComMF522(PCD_TRANSCEIVE,ucComMF522Buf,9,ucComMF522Buf,&unLen);

    if ((status == MI_OK) && (unLen == 0x18))
    {   status = MI_OK;  }
    else
    {   status = MI_ERR;    }

    return status;
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//用RC522计算CRC16函数
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void CalulateCRC(unsigned char *pIndata,unsigned char len,unsigned char *pOutData)
{
    unsigned char i,n;
    ClearBitMask(DivIrqReg,0x04);
    WriteRawRC(CommandReg,PCD_IDLE);
    SetBitMask(FIFOLevelReg,0x80);
    for (i=0; i<len; i++)
    {   WriteRawRC(FIFODataReg, *(pIndata+i));   }
    WriteRawRC(CommandReg, PCD_CALCCRC);
    i = 0xFF;
    do 
    {
        n = ReadRawRC(DivIrqReg);
        i--;
    }
    while ((i!=0) && !(n&0x04));
    pOutData[0] = ReadRawRC(CRCResultRegL);
    pOutData[1] = ReadRawRC(CRCResultRegM);
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//功    能：读RC522寄存器
//参数说明：Address[IN]:寄存器地址
//返    回：读出的值
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
unsigned char ReadRawRC(unsigned char Address)
{
     unsigned char i, ucAddr;
     unsigned char ucResult=0;

     MF522_SCK = 0;
     MF522_SDA = 0;
     ucAddr = ((Address<<1)&0x7E)|0x80;

     for(i=8;i>0;i--)
     {
         MF522_MOSI = ((ucAddr&0x80)==0x80);
         MF522_SCK = 1;
         ucAddr <<= 1;
         MF522_SCK = 0;
     }

     for(i=8;i>0;i--)
     {
         MF522_SCK = 1;
         ucResult <<= 1;
         ucResult|=(bit)MF522_MISO;
         MF522_SCK = 0;
     }

     MF522_SDA = 1;
     MF522_SCK = 1;
     return ucResult;
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//功    能：写RC522寄存器
//参数说明：Address[IN]:寄存器地址
//          value[IN]:写入的值
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void WriteRawRC(unsigned char Address, unsigned char value)
{
    unsigned char i, ucAddr;

    MF522_SCK = 0;
    MF522_SDA = 0;
    ucAddr = ((Address<<1)&0x7E);

    for(i=8;i>0;i--)
    {
        MF522_MOSI = ((ucAddr&0x80)==0x80);
        MF522_SCK = 1;
        ucAddr <<= 1;
        MF522_SCK = 0;
    }

    for(i=8;i>0;i--)
    {
        MF522_MOSI = ((value&0x80)==0x80);
        MF522_SCK = 1;
        value <<= 1;
        MF522_SCK = 0;
    }
    MF522_SDA = 1;
    MF522_SCK = 1;
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//功    能：置RC522寄存器位
//参数说明：reg[IN]:寄存器地址
//          mask[IN]:置位值
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void SetBitMask(unsigned char reg,unsigned char mask)  
{
    char tmp = 0x0;
    tmp = ReadRawRC(reg);
    WriteRawRC(reg,tmp | mask);  // set bit mask
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//功    能：清RC522寄存器位
//参数说明：reg[IN]:寄存器地址
//          mask[IN]:清位值
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void ClearBitMask(unsigned char reg,unsigned char mask)  
{
    char tmp = 0x0;
    tmp = ReadRawRC(reg);
    WriteRawRC(reg, tmp & ~mask);  // clear bit mask
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//功    能：通过RC522和ISO14443卡通讯
//参数说明：Command[IN]:RC522命令字
//          pInData[IN]:通过RC522发送到卡片的数据
//          InLenByte[IN]:发送数据的字节长度
//          pOutData[OUT]:接收到的卡片返回数据
//          *pOutLenBit[OUT]:返回数据的位长度
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
char PcdComMF522(unsigned char Command, 
                 unsigned char *pInData, 
                 unsigned char InLenByte,
                 unsigned char *pOutData, 
                 unsigned int  *pOutLenBit)
{
    char status = MI_ERR;
    unsigned char irqEn   = 0x00;
    unsigned char waitFor = 0x00;
    unsigned char lastBits;
    unsigned char n;
    unsigned int i;
    switch (Command)
    {
       case PCD_AUTHENT:
          irqEn   = 0x12;
          waitFor = 0x10;
          break;
       case PCD_TRANSCEIVE:
          irqEn   = 0x77;
          waitFor = 0x30;
          break;
       default:
         break;
    }

    WriteRawRC(ComIEnReg,irqEn|0x80);
    ClearBitMask(ComIrqReg,0x80);
    WriteRawRC(CommandReg,PCD_IDLE);
    SetBitMask(FIFOLevelReg,0x80);

    for (i=0; i<InLenByte; i++)
    {   WriteRawRC(FIFODataReg, pInData[i]);    }
    WriteRawRC(CommandReg, Command);


    if (Command == PCD_TRANSCEIVE)
    {    SetBitMask(BitFramingReg,0x80);  }

    i = 600;//根据时钟频率调整，操作M1卡最大等待时间25ms
    do 
    {
         n = ReadRawRC(ComIrqReg);
         i--;
    }
    while ((i!=0) && !(n&0x01) && !(n&waitFor));
    ClearBitMask(BitFramingReg,0x80);

    if (i!=0)
    {    
         if(!(ReadRawRC(ErrorReg)&0x1B))
         {
             status = MI_OK;
             if (n & irqEn & 0x01)
             {   status = MI_NOTAGERR;   }
             if (Command == PCD_TRANSCEIVE)
             {
               	n = ReadRawRC(FIFOLevelReg);
              	lastBits = ReadRawRC(ControlReg) & 0x07;
                if (lastBits)
                {   *pOutLenBit = (n-1)*8 + lastBits;   }
                else
                {   *pOutLenBit = n*8;   }
                if (n == 0)
                {   n = 1;    }
                if (n > MAXRLEN)
                {   n = MAXRLEN;   }
                for (i=0; i<n; i++)
                {   pOutData[i] = ReadRawRC(FIFODataReg);    }
            }
         }
         else
         {   status = MI_ERR;   }
        
   }


   SetBitMask(ControlReg,0x80);           // stop timer now
   WriteRawRC(CommandReg,PCD_IDLE); 
   return status;
}

main.h

//////////////////////////////////
//端口定义
/////////////////////////////////
sbit     MF522_SDA  = P1^1 ;		//SDA或NSS
sbit     MF522_SCK  = P1^7;         //SCK
sbit     MF522_MOSI = P1^6;         //MOSI
sbit     MF522_MISO = P1^5;         //MISO
sbit     MF522_RST  = P1^2;         //RST

//指示灯
//sbit     LED_GREEN  = P0^0;

//蜂鸣器引脚定义
//sbit     Speaker    = P3^6;

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//函数原型
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void InitializeSystem();
void Send_Char(unsigned char temp);
void Send_String(unsigned char temp[]);

main.c

#include <reg52.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>	//包含memcpy()函数
#include <intrins.h>//包含函数_nop_()
#include "main.h"
#include "mfrc522.h"

/*延时函数1ms，晶振选用11.0592使用115，选用22.1184使用152*/
void delay1(unsigned int i)
{
	unsigned int j;
	while(i--){
		for(j=0;j<152;j++){	   //延时1ms基准
		
		}
	}	
}

/*定义全局变量*/
unsigned char Tempbuf[20];
unsigned char idata MLastSelectedSnr[4];   //4个字节卡片序列号
unsigned char code trdata[]={0x0d,0x0a,0x00};

/*串口发送字符串*/
void Send_String(unsigned char temp[]){
	unsigned char i = 0;
	while(temp[i]!=0x00){
		SBUF = temp[i];
		while(!TI);
		TI = 0;
		i++;
	}
}

/*串口发送字符*/
void Send_Char(unsigned char temp){
	SBUF = temp;
	while(!TI);
	TI = 0;
}

void main(){
	unsigned char status;

	InitializeSystem();
	/*修改了rc522.c中的寻卡和防冲撞函数，直接加入了串口发送字符，实现了读卡类型2字节和卡号4字节，后续更新*/
	while(1){
		status = PcdRequest(PICC_REQALL,Tempbuf);//PICC_REQALL寻天线内全部卡，读取卡片类型代码
        if (status != MI_OK){
        	InitializeSystem( );
			continue;
		}
		
		Send_String(trdata);
		
		status = PcdAnticoll(Tempbuf);//防冲撞
		if (status != MI_OK){
			continue;
		}
        //memcpy(MLastSelectedSnr,&Tempbuf[2],4);
		Send_String(trdata);
		
		status = PcdSelect(Tempbuf);//选定卡片
		if (status != MI_OK){
			continue;
		}

		Send_String(trdata);
    }
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//系统初始化，初始化串口
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/*串口初始化*/
void UART_Init(void){
	//串行口初始化，对SCON选择工作方式，对PCON选择波特率加倍位SMOD
	SCON=0x50;			//设置串口工作方式1，允许接收。0x40不允许接收，0x50允许接收。
	PCON=0x00;			//设置为波特率不加倍。0x80为加倍
	//T1作为波特率发生器初始化，选8位自动重装计时器，将计算出的初值赋给TH1、TL1
	TMOD=0x20;			//设GATE=0，T1定时器工作方式2；"00100000"
	TH1=TL1=0xFD;		//fosc=22.1184，SMOD=0不加倍，波特率为19200bps，计算出初值为FDH
	//TH1=TL1=0xFD;		//fosc=11.0596，SMOD=0不加倍，波特率为9600bps，计算出初值为FDH
	TR1=1;				//开启T1定时器
}

void InitializeSystem(){
	P0 = 0xFF; P1 = 0xFF; P2 = 0xFF; P3 = 0xFF;
	delay1(500);
	UART_Init();		//初始化串口
	PcdReset();			//复位RC522
    PcdAntennaOff(); 	//关闭天线
    PcdAntennaOn();		//开启天线
}